Ingeniare. Revista chilena de ingeniería, vol. 15 N^o 3, 2007, pp. 236-244

Jairo Andrés Acosta Rojas¹   Carlos Alberto Duque Daza²   Carlos Humberto Galeano Urueña³   Juan Miguel Mantilla González⁴

1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ingeniería. Kr. 30 # 45-03. Edif. 453 Of. 401. Bogotá, Colombia. E-mail: jaacostaro@unal.edu.co

2 Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ingeniería. Kr. 30 # 45-03. 453-401. Bogotá, Colombia. E-mail: caduqued@unal.edu.co . Autor corresponsal.

3 Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ingeniería. Kr. 30 # 45-03. Edif. 453 Of. 401. Bogotá, Colombia. E-mail: chgaleanou@unal.edu.co

4 Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ingeniería. Kr. 30 # 45-03. Edif. 453 Of. 401. Bogotá, Colombia. E-mail: jmmantillag@unal.edu.co

RESUMEN

En la digitalización 3D del rodete del compresor centrífugo de un turbo cargador HT3B, se evaluaron numerosas metodologías que permitieran reproducir su geometría satisfactoriamente, de modo que a partir del modelo virtual obtenido se pudiera llevar a cabo una simulación computacional de flujo en el compresor centrífugo. Tras analizar dichas metodologías se decidió que la toma de tomografías axiales computarizadas era la más indicada, a pesar de que requirió previamente la construcción de un modelo en acrílico del rodete. Una vez se contó con las tomografías axiales computarizadas del rodete, se procedió a construir el modelo virtual del mismo usando un programa CAD 3D, integrando una metodología analítica para la generación de la geometría de los álabes del rodete de un compresor centrífugo, con la información metrológica adquirida a través de las tomografías. El modelo virtual del rodete presentó características aptas para el posterior trabajo de simulación, demostrando que el procedimiento planteado constituye una alternativa viable para la digitalización 3D de piezas mecánicas de alta complejidad.

Palabras clave: Compresores centrífugos, digitalización tridimensional, tomografía axial computarizada, ingeniería inversa.

ABSTRACT

In the 3D digitizing of an HT3B turbocharger's centrifugal compressor's impeller, several methodologies were evaluated, reproducing its shape in such a way, that the obtained virtual model could be used to perform a computational flow simulation in the whole centrifugal compressor. After analyzing these methodologies, computerized axial tomographies were chosen as the most suitable methodology, despite requiring the previous construction of an impeller's acrylic-made model. Once the impeller's computerized axial tomographies had been taken, the generation of the virtual model was performed by software CAD 3D, by integrating an analytic methodology for the impeller's vanes' geometrical shape generation, with the metrological information extracted from the tomographies. The virtual model generated presented characteristics which made it appropriate for the intended flow simulation, showing that the procedure used for this purpose constitutes a feasible alternative for the 3D digitizing of complex mechanical parts.

Keywords: Centrifugal compressor, 3D digitizing, computerized axial tomography, reverse engineering.

AGRADECIMIENTOS

En primer lugar es importante reconocer el apoyo y el interés del grupo de investigación asociado al proyecto "Formulación y evaluación de un sistema alterno de generación local de energía a partir de microturbinas" durante todo el desarrollo de este trabajo. Por otro lado, el levantamiento tridimensional del modelo CAD del rodete no hubiese sido posible sin la ayuda del Doctor Enrique Calvo, profesor de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, y de la Facultad de Odontología de la misma universidad. Gracias por su colaboración.

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Recibido el 28 de marzo de 2007, aceptado el 30 de agosto de 2007